STRUCTURE II

STRUCTURE 2

•      Expressing necessity : must, have to, have got to

•      Lack of necessity and prohibition : have to and must in the negative

•      Advisability : should, ought to, had better

•      The past form of should.

D Y O F I C A

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF LANCANG KUNING PEKANBARU

INDONESIA

Expressing Necessity

Have to (I, you, we, they)              is used when something can be

&                                                       indicated urgency or stress

Has to (she, he, it)                          importance, “have to” and “has to” are used more commonly, can be formal and informal situation.

Must                    has same meaning as “have to”, but “must” is usually stronger than “have to” and “has to”.

Have got to :       also express the idea of necessity. But it is used primarily in spoken English, and informal situation.

Usual, “got to” is pronounced as “gotta”. Sometimes, “have” as in “have got to” is dropped in speech. And sometimes, it uses “have” , is pronounced such as in “I’ve gotta”.

Note :

In form of past, expressing necessity is shown in “had to”. There’s no other past form for must or have got to.

Examples :

Must                    :        “we must prayer 5 times in everyday”.

Have to               :        “you have to arrange your books”.

Has to                  :        “he has to make debut this year”

Have got to         :         “we gotta watch BTS’ concert next year”.

                                       “You’ve gotta search all about BTS soon”.

Lack Of Necessity And Prohibition : Have To and Must in The Negative.

“Have to” in the negative is : “don’t have to / doesn’t have to” : it means lack of necessity.

“Must” in negative is “must not” : it means  prohibition.

e.g.

You don’t have to read all horror novels

We mustn’t touch the transformer, cause,  it’s high voltage.

Advisability : should, ought to, had better

“Should”, “ought to”, and “had better” have same meaning. The meaning ranges in strength form a suggestion.

Should : can contain meaning “this is a good idea. This is my advise”.

e.g.

You should take bed rest.

You ought to take bed rest.

v Had better : is close to should / ought to. But, had better is usually stronger. Often had better implies a warning or a threat of possible bad consequences. 

Notes on the use of had better.

•      It has a present or future meaning.

•      It is followed by the simple form of a verb.

•      It is more common in speaking than writing.

e.g.

You’d better take care of it.

v “ought to” is common used for spoken          English British. And it is pronounced “otta”         for informal speaking. For singular subjects , “ought to”  isn’t added “s” in last letter.

e.g. :

They ought to stay here.

THE PAST FORM OF SHOULD

Past form : should have + past participle.

It means, there was good idea, but it was done or it wasn’t done.

e.g.

I didn’t watch BTS’ concert last month. Cause I had no enough money to bought concert’s ticket. I should have saved money before.

Ought to.

Ought to + have + past participle.

In the past, should is used more commonly than ought to. “Had better” is used only rarely in a past form and usually only speaking, not writing.

e.g. :

I ought to have saved money before.

Jeon and other BTS’ members ought to have met me in my birthday on last May.