Let’s Talk About Linguistics
The 5th Discussion
Lexicology
Definition of Lexicology :
Lexicology is
from Greek language, “lexicon” which is branch of linguistics and discusses
about words, amongst others meaning "speech, oration, discourse, quote,
study, calculation, reason".
Actually,
Morphology and Lexicilogy have a same role. That’s, discuss about words,
meaning of the words, but both of them have difference. Where, Lexicology tells
about meaning of words as literally, while Morphology tells about meaning of words
as grammatically.
Lexical Word
Lexical word
is base words that usually well-known as base unit of vocabulary, dictionary,
syntax, and base unit for all part of languages. This lexical word in
Linguistics Literature is well-known lexeme.
Lexical Structure Pattern
a.
Polysemy
A lexeme can has some of meanings.
This relation is called polysemy, it’s mean “many meanings”.
e.g. :
table : can be “desk” or “list”.
It’s depend on the sentence.
b.
Synonym
Some of different lexemes have same meaning. This relation is called synonym.
But it’s not mean the synonyms can be
used with others synonymous words alternately. For example : habitation has synonym with dwelling, residence, domicile, home. In
English, these words will get different accordance. Look in other examples are below (just focus on bold and italic words) :
· My old friend has kicked
the bucket. (it’s slang word).
· My friend has die. (it’s mean
common, there’s deep meaning).
· My dear friend has passed
away. (plainness, but kind of emotional).
· My beloved friend has joined
the heavenly choir. (full meaning, poetic).
These dictions are influenced by few factors, like : who is the speaker,
when is it happened, why is it happened, and who is the listener.
c.
Antonym
Some of word pairs have contrast meaning. This relation is called antonym,
and words that contrast each other are called antonymy.
d.
Homonymy
Some of word are pronounced almost equal, but there’s different meaning.
This relation is called homonymy. For example :
· Some – sum
· Knew – new
·
Want
– one
e.
Idiom
Idiom is group of words that has meaning by itself and it’s different
from every word in it. Idiom can’t be translated purely in other languages.
Idiom is a case that using of language by origin speaker. We can’t make idiom
by ourselves. In English, we know idioms, like : by all means, it goes without
saying, to kick the bucket, etc.
f.
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Taxonomic hierarchy aims to Semantic Relation between some of cognate
words. It’s mean, meaning of some words are grasped by other words, like :
meaning of plant is grasped by tree. Relation between flora,
flowers, and orchid are grasped by flowers
and meaning of flowers
are grasped by orchid.
g.
Meaning Analysis in Other Components
Meaning of certain words can be analyzed in other components. Meaning of mare
is arranged from meaning horse and female, and meaning of doe
is arranged from deer and female and many are.
References :
Chaedar Alwasilah, A. 2011. Linguistik Suatu Pengantar. Bandung:
Angkasa.
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